Which musical element contributes significantly to the dramatic tone of the Queen of the Night aria?

The significant contribution of a minor key signature with rapid broken chords to the dramatic tone of the Queen of the Night aria lies in the emotional intensity and urgency it conveys. The minor key creates a darker, more mysterious atmosphere, which aligns with the character's fierce and vengeful persona. Rapid broken chords, often characterized by their quick succession, add to the tension and excitement, further enhancing the drama of the piece.

This combination allows for a heightened sense of urgency and emotional volatility, which is essential in capturing the audience's attention and conveying the character's tumultuous feelings. The complexity and virtuosity presented in a minor key can lead to a more gripping experience for the listener, as it reflects the character's inner conflict and passionate demands.

In contrast, a major key signature would generally evoke a more cheerful or lighthearted mood, which is not in line with the aria’s dramatic undertones. A steady tempo might suggest tranquility or predictability, failing to capture the aria’s intense emotions. Lastly, an absence of vocal dynamics would detract from the performance’s expressiveness, as dynamic variation is crucial in conveying the character's powerful range of emotions.