Which clef is used to indicate F below middle C?

The bass clef is designated for lower pitches, specifically indicating the note F below middle C. In the bass clef, the F note is represented on the fourth line of the staff, while the rest of the lines and spaces are arranged to accommodate bass voices or instruments, typically playing in the lower register.

This clef is essential for reading music that involves instruments such as the cello, bassoon, and tuba, as well as the left hand for piano music. Understanding the function of the bass clef in the context of musical notation is crucial for musicians working with lower pitch ranges, allowing them to accurately interpret and perform compositions that utilize this clef for pitch designation.

Other clefs listed, such as the treble clef and alto clef, are used for higher pitches, with the treble clef representing notes above middle C and the alto clef primarily used for instruments like the viola. The soprano clef is less commonly used and serves a similar function to the treble clef, indicating notes above middle C as well. None of these clefs indicate the F note below middle C, highlighting the specific role of the bass clef in music notation.