When a composer writes "ritardando", what should the performer expect to do?

When a composer writes "ritardando," it indicates that the performer should gradually slow down the tempo of the music. This term originates from the Italian word “ritardare,” which means to delay or slow down. The performer is expected to increase the spacing between notes, allowing for a natural deceleration that enhances both the emotional nuance and expression of the piece.

Using a gradual slowing of tempo provides a musical effect that can evoke tension, anticipation, or emotional depth, creating a more profound impact on the listener. Musicians typically interpret this directive by adjusting their playing speed progressively rather than making a sudden stop or a sharp decrease in tempo. This sustained slowing down can lead to a more expressive and engaging performance.

In the context of the other options, it is essential to understand that playing faster, gradually becoming faster, or changing dynamics do not align with the direct instruction provided by "ritardando." The term is specifically focused on the tempo, and thus those alternatives would not fulfill the intent of the composer.