What is the instruction given by "tempo primo"?

"Tempo primo" is a musical term that instructs performers to return to the original tempo after having altered the pace, either by slowing down or speeding up during a section of the piece. This direction is typically used after a contrasting section has been played, where the tempo may have changed. By indicating "tempo primo," the composer signals musicians to revert back to the initial speed of the piece, ensuring that the structure and flow of the music are maintained.

This term is essential for performers to understand because it helps them navigate the intended dynamics of a musical work, which can include various tempo changes throughout. Returning to the original tempo is crucial for preserving the overall coherence of the piece, both for the audience's enjoyment and for the integrity of the composition itself.