What does "ritardando" mean in music?

The term "ritardando" in music indicates a gradual slowing down of the tempo. This technique is often used to create a sense of relaxation or to prepare for a final resolution in a musical passage. As the tempo decreases, the listener can feel the music ebbing away, which can heighten emotional impact or prepare for a change in the musical section.

In contrast, the other options reflect different musical terms or techniques: speeding up gradually is known as "accelerando," holding a note longer refers to techniques like fermata, and playing louder corresponds to dynamics such as "forte." Understanding these distinctions can enhance a musician's interpretation and execution of a piece.